Electrically charged elements or compounds found in blood plasma and fluids occurring inside and between cells.

Positively charged electrolytes are known as cations and negatively charged electrolytes are known as anions.

The correct quantities and proportions of the main electrolytes are critical for normal metabolism and function, for maintaining the body's acid/alkaline balance and the water balance inside and outside cells, transmission of nerve impulses and the contraction and relaxation of muscles. Potassium can be seriously depleted by diuretics, certain other drugs, or by the over-consumption of liquorice. Sodium can be depleted by very low-sodium diets used against high blood pressure, and by profuse sweating. Severe diarrhoea can cause depletion of all electrolytes.

Endocrine system

The network of glands which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, affecting the function of specific target organs. Endocrine glands include the thyroid and parathyroid, the pituitary, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads (sex glands) and pineal gland. (See Hormones)

Endotoxins

Poisons produced within bacterial cells. Endotoxins can be absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream, adding to the body's overall toxic load. If the individual's gut is chronically overloaded with unfavourable bacteria at the expense of the so-called 'friendly' bacteria (mainly Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria), endotoxin levels can represent a significant challenge to the liver's detoxification capacity. Endotoxins produced by an acute infection from pathogenic (disease-producing) bacteria such as Salmonella can be life-threatening.