Also known as infant formulas, these are commercial substitutes for breast milk, used in the first year of life, and resemble human breast milk as closely as possible. Formula feeds can be based on cow's milk, goat's milk or soya milk.

Fortification

The addition of vitamins, minerals or amino acids to a food, in addition to those normally found in a food, for instance iodine in salt. Fortification is sometimes required by law for foods which replace a staple food. For instance vitamins A and D are added to margarine because margarine may be used instead of butter, a source of vitamins A and D.

Restoring some of the original nutrient content in foods which have been depleted by processing - for instance adding B vitamins and iron to white flour - is known as restoration. Restoration is often imposed by law for staple foods.

Artificially adding more of a nutrient to a food than it would normally contain is known as enrichment. Examples are vitamin C-enriched fruit juice and vitamin-enriched milk powder.